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Such as structure formation in the early universe, magnetic ordering in Ising and Heisenberg systems, liquid crystals, superfluid helium, dilute atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and superconductors. Topologically charged fluctuations in field theories appear in many areas of physics, Flux-charge duality and lumped-element superconducting circuitsĕ0 Referencesĕ1 Parameter values for table 1Ĕ9 Appendix F. Parameter values for figure 11Ĕ9 Appendix E. Thermodynamics of electric flux penetration in 1 + 1DĔ6 Appendix C. List of selected abbreviations, physical quantities and variablesĔ6 Appendix B. ^ I Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.Īny further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.ġ367-2617+57$33.00 © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaftĥ.ĝistributed quantum phase slip junctionsĒ2Ħ.ğinite wires and experimental systemsĒ8ħ.ĝestruction of superconductivity in one dimension (1D)Ĕ1Ĩ.ĜonclusionĔ3 AcknowledgmentsĔ5 Appendix A. Our model provides an alternative, and qualitatively different, conceptual basis for QPS and the phenomena which arise from it in experiments, and it appears to permit for the first time a unified understanding of observations across several different types of experiments and materials systems. 2 169): that flux-charge duality, a classical symmetry of Maxwell's equations, can be used to relate QPS to the well-known Josephson tunneling of Cooper pairs.
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In this paper we present a new model for QPS which takes as its starting point an idea originally postulated by Mooij and Nazarov (2006 Nature Phys. Hence, our understanding of the nature of QPS, and its relationship to the various observations, has remained imcomplete. While at least some of the observations are consistent with existing theories for QPS, other observations in many cases point to contradictory conclusions or cannot be explained by these theories. Over the last several decades, many deviations from conventional bulk superconducting behavior have been observed in ultra-narrow superconducting nanowires, some of which have been identified with QPS.
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In quasi-one-dimensional wires, these fluctuations are described in terms of 'quantum phase-slip' (QPS): tunneling of the superconducting order parameter for the wire between states differing by ☒n in their relative phase between the wire's ends. It has long been thought that macroscopic phase coherence breaks down in effectively lower-dimensional superconducting systems even at zero temperature due to enhanced topological quantum phase fluctuations. MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA E-mail: Journal of Physics 15 (2013) 105017 (57pp) Received 2 July 2013 Published 18 October 2013 Online at Ībstract. Flux-charge duality and topological quantum phase fluctuations in quasi-one-dimensional superconductors